feat: 重构 pkg/ast/provider 模块，优化代码组织逻辑和功能实现

## 主要改进

### 架构重构
- 将单体 provider.go 拆分为多个专门的模块文件
- 实现了清晰的职责分离和模块化设计
- 遵循 SOLID 原则，提高代码可维护性

### 新增功能
- **验证规则系统**: 实现了完整的 provider 验证框架
- **报告生成器**: 支持多种格式的验证报告 (JSON/HTML/Markdown/Text)
- **解析器优化**: 重新设计了解析流程，提高性能和可扩展性
- **错误处理**: 增强了错误处理和诊断能力

### 修复关键 Bug
- 修复 @provider(job) 注解缺失 __job 注入参数的问题
- 统一了 job 和 cronjob 模式的处理逻辑
- 确保了 provider 生成的正确性和一致性

### 代码质量提升
- 添加了完整的测试套件
- 引入了 golangci-lint 代码质量检查
- 优化了代码格式和结构
- 增加了详细的文档和规范

### 文件结构优化
```
pkg/ast/provider/
├── types.go              # 类型定义
├── parser.go             # 解析器实现
├── validator.go          # 验证规则
├── report_generator.go   # 报告生成
├── renderer.go           # 渲染器
├── comment_parser.go     # 注解解析
├── modes.go             # 模式定义
├── errors.go            # 错误处理
└── validator_test.go    # 测试文件
```

### 兼容性
- 保持向后兼容性
- 支持现有的所有 provider 模式
- 优化了 API 设计和用户体验

This completes the implementation of T025-T029 tasks following TDD principles,
including validation rules implementation and critical bug fixes.

go.sum

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