diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4649a0e..1f85c3e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pi remove npm:pi-ntfy
 ```json
 {
   "enabled": true,
-  "modes": ["tui"],
+  "excludedModes": [],
   "titleTemplate": "[{{project}}] {{status}} · {{session}}",
   "template": "项目: {{project}}\\n会话: {{session}}\\n任务: {{task}}\\n状态: {{status}}\\n原因: {{reason}}\\n摘要: {{summary}}\\n耗时: {{duration}}\\n模型: {{model}}\\n主机: {{host}}\\n时间: {{date}} {{time}}\\n工具: {{tools}}",
   "channels": [
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ pi remove npm:pi-ntfy
 
 `token` 可以使用 `$NTFY_TOKEN` 或 `${NTFY_TOKEN}` 引用环境变量；配置文件路径本身不受环境变量影响。
 
+工作模式：默认支持 pi 的全部工作模式（`tui`、`json`、`rpc`、`print`），配置里无需列出支持的模式；`excludedModes` 仅列出**不**推送的模式，例如 `"excludedModes": ["json"]` 可让 `pi --mode json -p` 子代理保持安静。旧配置中的 `modes` 白名单已废弃，会被忽略并给出提示。
+
 配置字段：
 
 ```json
diff --git a/command.ts b/command.ts
index ca57387..3d2ac94 100644
--- a/command.ts
+++ b/command.ts
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ function describeConfig(
 		`配置: ${config.path}`,
 		`渠道: ${channel ? formatChannelLabel(channel, 0) : "ntfy（未配置）"}`,
 		`事件: ${(["idle", "interrupted", "needInput", "exit"] as const).map((key) => `${key}=${config.events[key] ? "on" : "off"}`).join(" ")}`,
-		`模式: ${config.modes.join(",")}`,
+		`模式: 全部${config.excludedModes.length > 0 ? `（排除: ${config.excludedModes.join(", ")}）` : ""}`,
 	];
 	if (last && describeResults)
 		lines.push(
diff --git a/config.example.json b/config.example.json
index 1efb515..d106411 100644
--- a/config.example.json
+++ b/config.example.json
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "_说明": "pi-ntfy 只支持 NTFY。复制为 config.json 后按需修改。",
+  "_说明": "pi-ntfy 只支持 NTFY。默认所有工作模式（tui/json/rpc/print）都会推送；excludedModes 仅列出不需要推送的模式，例如 [\"json\"] 可让 pi --mode json -p 的子代理保持安静。复制为 config.json 后按需修改。",
   "_占位符": "{{status}} {{reason}} {{text}} {{title}} {{event}} {{cwd}} {{project}} {{duration}} {{session}} {{sessionId}} {{model}} {{mode}} {{thinking}} {{task}} {{summary}} {{tools}} {{host}} {{time}} {{date}}",
   "enabled": true,
-  "modes": ["tui"],
+  "excludedModes": [],
   "timeoutMs": 5000,
   "shutdownTimeoutMs": 2000,
   "dedupeMs": 3000,
diff --git a/config.ts b/config.ts
index 296a070..948ba0e 100644
--- a/config.ts
+++ b/config.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
 } from "node:fs";
 import { homedir } from "node:os";
 import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
-import type { ChannelConfig, NotifyConfig, NtfyChannel } from "./types.ts";
+import { ALL_MODES, type ChannelConfig, type NotifyConfig, type NtfyChannel } from "./types.ts";
 
 const CONFIG_PATH = join(homedir(), ".pi", "agent", "pi-ntfy.json");
 
@@ -75,20 +75,44 @@ function str(value: unknown, fallback: string): string {
 	return typeof value === "string" && value.length > 0 ? value : fallback;
 }
 
-function strArray(value: unknown, fallback: string[]): string[] {
-	if (!Array.isArray(value)) return fallback;
-	const items = value.filter(
+function strArray(value: unknown): string[] {
+	if (!Array.isArray(value)) return [];
+	return value.filter(
 		(v): v is string => typeof v === "string" && v.length > 0,
 	);
-	return items.length > 0 ? items : fallback;
+}
+
+/** Validate excludedModes: known modes only, deduped, with warnings. */
+function excludedModes(
+	value: unknown,
+	fallback: string[],
+	warnings: string[],
+): string[] {
+	if (value === undefined) return fallback;
+	if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
+		warnings.push('"excludedModes" 必须是数组，已忽略');
+		return [];
+	}
+	const out: string[] = [];
+	for (const item of value) {
+		if (typeof item !== "string" || item.length === 0) continue;
+		if (!(ALL_MODES as readonly string[]).includes(item)) {
+			warnings.push(
+				`excludedModes 中的 "${item}" 不是有效模式（可选: ${ALL_MODES.join("/")}），已忽略`,
+			);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!out.includes(item)) out.push(item);
+	}
+	return out;
 }
 
 export function defaultConfig(path: string): NotifyConfig {
 	return {
 		enabled: true,
-		// Only the interactive TUI by default: pi subagents run `pi --mode json -p`,
-		// and pushing for every one of those would be pure noise.
-		modes: ["tui"],
+		// All working modes (tui/json/rpc/print) push by default. To quiet
+		// `pi --mode json -p` subagents, set "excludedModes": ["json"].
+		excludedModes: [],
 		timeoutMs: 5000,
 		shutdownTimeoutMs: 2000,
 		dedupeMs: 3000,
@@ -168,7 +192,15 @@ export function loadConfig(): NotifyConfig {
 	}
 
 	config.enabled = bool(parsed.enabled, config.enabled);
-	config.modes = strArray(parsed.modes, config.modes);
+	config.excludedModes = excludedModes(
+		parsed.excludedModes,
+		config.excludedModes,
+		config.warnings,
+	);
+	if (parsed.modes !== undefined)
+		config.warnings.push(
+			'"modes" 已废弃，请改用 "excludedModes"（仅列出不需要推送的模式）',
+		);
 	config.timeoutMs = num(parsed.timeoutMs, config.timeoutMs, 200, 60_000);
 	config.shutdownTimeoutMs = num(
 		parsed.shutdownTimeoutMs,
@@ -186,7 +218,7 @@ export function loadConfig(): NotifyConfig {
 	config.maxTextChars = num(parsed.maxTextChars, config.maxTextChars, 20, 4000);
 	config.titleTemplate = str(parsed.titleTemplate, config.titleTemplate);
 	config.template = str(parsed.template, config.template);
-	config.needInputTools = strArray(parsed.needInputTools, config.needInputTools);
+	config.needInputTools = strArray(parsed.needInputTools);
 	config.debug = bool(parsed.debug, config.debug);
 
 	if (parsed.events && typeof parsed.events === "object") {
@@ -240,7 +272,7 @@ export const CHANNEL_SETTABLE_FIELDS: Record<string, string[]> = {
 
 export interface RawConfigFile {
 	enabled?: boolean;
-	modes?: string[];
+	excludedModes?: string[];
 	timeoutMs?: number;
 	shutdownTimeoutMs?: number;
 	dedupeMs?: number;
@@ -268,8 +300,12 @@ export function loadRawConfig(): {
 			exists: false,
 			data: {
 				enabled: true,
-				modes: ["tui"],
-				events: { idle: true, interrupted: true, needInput: true, exit: false },
+				events: {
+					idle: true,
+					interrupted: true,
+					needInput: true,
+					exit: false,
+				},
 				channels: [],
 			},
 		};
diff --git a/index.ts b/index.ts
index f871292..fe26c57 100644
--- a/index.ts
+++ b/index.ts
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ export default function piNtfy(pi: ExtensionAPI) {
 		if (!runtimeEnabled) return undefined;
 		const config = loadConfig();
 		if (!config.enabled || !config.exists) return undefined;
-		// Subagents run `pi --mode json -p`; pushing for each of those is noise.
-		if (!config.modes.includes(mode)) return undefined;
+		// All modes push unless listed in excludedModes (e.g. subagents on json).
+		if (config.excludedModes.includes(mode)) return undefined;
 		return config;
 	}
 
diff --git a/types.ts b/types.ts
index af54215..8e5bc26 100644
--- a/types.ts
+++ b/types.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ export type ChannelConfig = NtfyChannel;
 
 export interface NotifyConfig {
 	enabled: boolean;
-	modes: string[];
+	/** Modes that must stay quiet; all others push. Empty array = push everywhere. */
+	excludedModes: string[];
 	timeoutMs: number;
 	shutdownTimeoutMs: number;
 	dedupeMs: number;
@@ -51,6 +52,14 @@ export interface NotifyConfig {
 	exists: boolean;
 }
 
+export const ALL_MODES = [
+	"tui",
+	"json",
+	"rpc",
+	"print",
+] as const;
+export type KnownMode = (typeof ALL_MODES)[number];
+
 export interface NotifyPayload {
 	event: NotifyEvent;
 	status: string;